Ασφάλεια και ιδιωτικότητα σε περιβάλλοντα ναυτιλίας
Security and privacy in maritime environment
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Keywords
Cyber-attack ; Maritime cyberSecurity ; AIS ; GPS ; GNSS ; Risk management ; Cyber threats ; Policy ; Ports ; Communication satellite systems ; Maritime infrastructure ; Autonomous shipAbstract
Cyber-attacks are a modern form of threat and risk for information ICT systems. Their intensity and frequency have been constantly increasing in recent years, given the seamless and global connectivity offered to all information systems, through the World Wide Web (Internet). Therefore, information systems have acquired an independent and constantly expanding presence in cyberspace, supported by future and current trends in Internet of Things technology.
In this thesis, the risk and uncertainties introduced by cyber-attacks are examined, in Maritime Sector. Modern shipping, through automation and the ability to interconnect between ship and shore via terrestrial and satellite connections, has been transformed into a mobile information system. Future trends for the evolution of shipping to automated or autonomous, exacerbate these risks.
This paper focuses on Security and includes the following structure. Initially, a reference is made to the recorded incidents of the previous decade in the Maritime Environment as well as their categorization. Then, the attack techniques and vulnerabilities in maritime infrastructures are presented. Attacks and vulnerabilities in satellite communications as well as in autonomous ships are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the ways of dealing with cyber-attacks in the entire maritime Industry are depicted. The measurements include the authorities – bodies and organizations that deal with the regulations and guidance, as well as the technological proposals, which can be adopted by modern maritime industry. These proposals address and protect against current and future trends in cyber threats in the maritime sector, based on the capabilities supported by modern technology.