Οι επιπτώσεις των φωσφορικών ενώσεων στην ποιότητα του περιβάλλοντος

Μωραΐτης, Σταμάτιος

Master Thesis

Author

Μωραΐτης, Σταμάτιος

Date

2026-07-17

Abstract

This dissertation examines the environmental significance of phosphate compounds, with particular emphasis on organophosphorus substances used in agricultural production. Phosphorus-containing compounds play an important role in a wide range of technological, industrial and productive applications, including fertilizers, plant-protection products, detergents, food processing, pharmaceutical preparations and everyday consumer goods. Although their practical contribution is considerable, excessive use, inadequate control or improper disposal may transform these useful chemical substances into sources of environmental pollution and potential risks to public health. The analysis is organized around three main areas: the chemical characteristics of phosphate compounds, their principal applications and the environmental consequences associated with their presence and dispersion. Particular attention is given to organophosphorus insecticides, whose toxicological activity is mainly related to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. This mechanism explains their effectiveness against target pests, while also highlighting the potential risks posed to humans, animals, aquatic organisms and beneficial insects. The study further investigates the main pathways through which these compounds enter and move within ecosystems. Surface runoff, leaching into groundwater, retention in soil, atmospheric transport and wastewater discharge are examined as significant mechanisms of environmental dispersion. The main effects considered include eutrophication, contamination of surface water and groundwater, soil degradation, biodiversity loss and toxic impacts on non-target organisms. Special reference is made to pollinators, particularly bees, which may be exposed through direct spraying or through contaminated pollen and nectar. In addition, the European and national regulatory framework governing the authorization, distribution, use and monitoring of plant-protection products is reviewed, together with the relevant maximum residue limits. The main conclusion of the dissertation is that phosphate and organophosphorus compounds should not be viewed solely as useful agricultural or industrial tools, but as substances requiring scientifically informed, controlled and responsible management. Effective protection of the environment and human health depends on the implementation of good agricultural practices, continuous residue monitoring, appropriate user training and integrated pest management. At the same time, greater emphasis should be placed on sustainable approaches, including organic farming, biological control and improved management of agricultural, industrial and municipal waste and wastewater.

Postgraduate Studies Programme

MBA TQM International - Ευρωπαϊκό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών στη Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων – Ολική Ποιότητα με διεθνή προσανατολισμό (MBA TQM Int)

Department

Σχολή Οικονομικών, Επιχειρηματικών και Διεθνών Σπουδών. Τμήμα Οργάνωσης και Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων

Number of pages

Language

Greek

URI

https://dione.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/unipi/19663

Collections

Τμήμα Οργάνωσης και Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων

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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as
Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα