Η πολιτική οικονομία της πράσινης μετάβασης στη ναυτιλία : ενσωμάτωση ESG κριτηρίων, επιπτώσεις και κατανομή του κόστους συμμόρφωσης

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Keywords
ESG criteria ; Sustainable shipping ; Regulatory compliance ; Strategic management ; EU ETS ; GreenflationAbstract
In recent years, the green transition has become a strategic priority on the European and international policy agenda, aiming to address as urgently as possible the serious threat of climate change. To enable the green transition, it is a fact that the shipping industry accounts for 2.89% of global carbon dioxide emissions while serving 80% of the world's freight transport needs. This means it faces stricter regulations and new environmental requirements. At the same time, the adoption of ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) criteria represents a necessary change, not only for regulatory compliance with new requirements but also to facilitate access to financing. Nevertheless, the green transition is not easy: as it creates increased economic costs, making them harder to allocate across shipping firms, charterers and consumers.
The key question that arises is: How does green transition policy impact the shipping industry in terms of costs, taxation, and compliance strategies? How can the integration of ESG criteria be successfully implemented, and how is the related cost distributed between the public and private sectors?
To answer these questions, the aim of this study is to explore how the shipping industry responds to the challenges of the green transition, what are the main costs arising from new policies, how company strategies are affected, and who ultimately bears the costs, referring to the public and private sectors, companies, and consumers.


