Spyware technologies : technical analysis, detection and countermeasures
Τεχνολογίες κατασκοπευτικού λογισμικού : τεχνική ανάλυση, ανίχνευση και μέτρα προστασίας

Master Thesis
Author
Pappas, Nikolaos
Παππάς, Νικόλαος
Date
2025View/ Open
Keywords
Spyware ; Pegasus ; Predator ; Surveillance ; Privacy ; Cybersecurity ; Detection ; Legal ethicsAbstract
The spread of sophisticated spyware like Pegasus and Predator causes dangers to digital
privacy, human rights along with democratic processes. Both spyware have been linked to the
targeting of journalists, activists and political figures around the world. This paper studies how
government sponsored surveillance software works, how people use it as well as what it means
for society and digital rights. Through a combined approach of cybersecurity forensics, legal
frameworks and geopolitical analysis it assesses the global impact of these tools and focuses
on ways people can protect themselves individually and collectively.
The paper highlights specific case studies that demonstrate real-world detection techniques
and consequences. It uses reports from groups and organizations like Citizen Lab and Amnesty
International's Security Lab. Several tools are developed and help link infections to their source
and help those affected. By examining the similarities and differences between Pegasus and
Predator, this thesis aims to raise awareness about the dangers of modern spyware.
The thesis concludes by recommending a multi-tiered response framework involving legal
reform, public awareness, and international cooperation to combat unlawful surveillance. The
right to privacy is reaffirmed as essential to the preservation of human dignity and civil liberty in
the digital age.


