Οι κρατικές ενισχύσεις στην αγορά της ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας : η περίπτωση της Ελλάδας και της Κύπρου

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Keywords
Ανταγωνισμός ; Κρατικές ενισχύσεις ; Αγορά ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας ; Ελληνική αγορά ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας ; Κυπριακή αγορά ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας ; Δίκαιο ελεύθερου ανταγωνισμού ; Απελευθέρωση αγοράς ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας ; Ενεργειακή πολιτική ; Υπηρεσίες γενικού οικονομικού συμφέροντος ; Η αρχή της ενεργειακής αλληλεγγύης ; Μοντέλο Στόχος (EU Target Model) ; Ενεργειακές δέσμεςAbstract
This Master's thesis was conducted and submitted during the Postgraduate Program "Law and Economics – Master in Law & Economics" of the School of Economics, Business and International Studies at the University of Piraeus, for the acquisition of the Master's degree. The purpose of this dissertation is to highlight the competition- related issues that arise in the electricity market, and more specifically, the phenomenon of "state aid" that emerge in the electricity markets of Greece and Cyprus. This issue is of paramount importance, as it has both economic and legal implications within the European Union and its member states.
Initially, the thesis introduces the importance of an unrestricted competition for the functioning of the EU internal market and it discusses the responsibilities of EU institutions in legislating in this particular area as well. The same chapter also addresses the Union's energy policy and emphasizes on the significance of a liberalized EU electricity market in achieving the internal market's completion.
In the first chapter, an economic analysis of the phenomenon of "state aid" is attempted, presenting such aid as a potential disruption to the free competition. Moreover, the second chapter studies the electricity market, its characteristics, the process and history of its liberalization, and the current structure of the electricity markets in Greece and Cyprus. Subsequently, the third chapter investigates the activity of electricity supply as a service of general economic interest (SGEI) and examines the application of state aid rules to companies that provide such services. Finally, in the fourth chapter, specific cases of state aid are analyzed, associated to companies operating in the Greek and Cypriot electricity markets. These include: a) Cases T-542/11 Alouminion S.A. v. Commission, C-590/14 P PPC and Commission v. Aluminium of Greece (appeal), and T-542/11 RENV Aluminium of Greece v. Commission, (b) The joined cases T-639/14 RENV, T-352/15, and T-740/17 PPC S.A. v. Commission, (c) Decision No. 207/13-06-2003 of the Cyprus Commissioner for State Aid Control and (d) Decision No. 183/21-02-2003 of the Cyprus Commissioner for State Aid Control.