This thesis examines the lifecycle, end-of-life (EoL) management, and sustainability of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems, focusing on their environmental, economic, and technological impacts. Through a detailed literature review, the thesis explores the lifecycle of both technologies, from production and operation to recycling and re-use at their EoL stages. It highlights the challenges posed by material recovery, economic feasibility, regulatory frameworks, and the technological innovation needed to improve solar energy systems. Case studies from diverse geographic regions provide practical insights into the implementation of PV and solar thermal technologies, showcasing both their benefits and the barriers they face. The analysis reveals that while solar technologies offer significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy access, their widespread adoption is hindered by technical, economic, and regulatory challenges. This thesis argues that addressing these barriers through innovation in materials science, energy storage, and policy frameworks will be crucial for the sustainable growth of solar energy systems. By fostering improvements in recycling technologies and developing new business models, solar energy can play a pivotal role in the global transition to renewable energy. The study concludes that a combination of technological advancements and supportive policies is essential for realizing the full potential of solar energy.