Πλημμυρικά φαινόμενα στην Ελλάδα : αίτια, συνέπειες, ανθεκτικότητα: μελέτη του πλημμυρικού φαινομένου κυκλώνας Ιανός και του Daniel (περιοχή της Θεσσαλίας το 2020 και το 2023)
Flood phenomena in Greece : causes, consequences, resilience : study of the flood phenomena cyclone Ianos and flood Daniel (Thessaly region 2020 and 2023)

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Keywords
Πλημμύρες ; Ιανός ; Daniel ; Θεσσαλία ; Ανθεκτικότητα ; Διαχείριση κινδύνων ; Κλιματική αλλαγή ; Πολιτικές πρόληψηςAbstract
This study examines flood phenomena in Greece, focusing on the recent extreme disasters caused by the Mediterranean cyclone “Ianos” (2020) and storm “Daniel” (2023) in Thessaly. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature, statistical data, and empirical observations, it analyzes the causes, mechanisms, and impacts of floods, as well as the gaps in current risk management policies. The findings highlight the lack of an integrated strategic plan, the fragmentation of responsibilities among institutions, the insufficient maintenance of infrastructures, and the low level of social resilience as critical factors that exacerbate vulnerability. At the same time, the study proposes innovative solutions, including the use of advanced monitoring and forecasting technologies, the implementation of hybrid infrastructures combining “grey” and “green” solutions, the integration of flood risk into urban and spatial planning, the protection of cultural heritage, and the empowerment of local communities. The results demonstrate that Greece is at a turning point, as floods, intensified by climate change, will continue to threaten human lives, infrastructures, and economic activities. Transitioning from a reactive and fragmented approach to a holistic resilience-oriented strategy is essential for effective adaptation to new challenges. The research concludes with concrete policy recommendations emphasizing technological innovation, spatial planning, social engagement, and institutional reform, thus providing a roadmap for more sustainable and resilient flood risk management in Greece.


