LNG shipping : a study on flag selection, crew costs, and regulatory impacts
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Abstract
This thesis aims to analyse the flag selection factors for a liquified natural gas carrier (LNGC) in a rising market, which promises macro-continuation in the energy market for the upcoming years based on political, economic, social, and environmental needs.
Thorough research was made to identify the total LNG carriers by IMO number, from 1969 to 2030. The IMO numbers (1147 in total) were classified as per flag registration and service status: active, orderbook and out-of-service. From the collected data, further in-depth analyses were conducted, using various databases, to classify the vessels as per capacity, age, gross tonnage, shipowner, shipbuilder, propulsion and containment system type.
Moreover, what is analyzed is the factors influencing the flag selection of a liquified natural gas carrier, focusing on crew costs, taxation, regulations, and other economic and operational considerations. Emphasis is given in the most significant factors influencing the decision making on the flag registration, which was found to be the crew costs and the last registry prior the end of commercial activity of the vessel.
The objective of this research served to determine the selection, through the use of the aforementioned method, of the flag registry. This led to the conclusion of the primary reason of narrowing the total cost of operational expenses, taxes and the indirect increase of total incomes by avoiding good ship dismantling practices.