Η αποτελεσματικότητα του ISM Code στην ελληνική εμπορική ναυτιλία
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Keywords
ISM Code ; Ναυτιλία -- Μέτρα ασφαλείας ; Ναυτιλία -- Δίκαιο και νομοθεσία ; Ανθρώπινος παράγονταςAbstract
The safety of human life, material and environmental protection has always been a matter of concern to the maritime community. Particularly since the 1960s, with the advancement of technology, the giganticisation of ships and the consolidation of the media, public concern about maritime accidents has led governments to take measures and to adopt legislation in the naval structure. The international rules that have been set up mainly concerned the development of technology and the safe handling of the ma-terial and did not take into account that the majority of accidents were due to human errors and not to failures or misuse of the material.
The ISM Code, which was instituted in 1994 by the IMO and is a chapter of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), came as a result of the concerns raised by the application of international conventions and in order to introduce a single legislative framework, which until then did not exist. It has become mandatory for all since 2002 and has brought changes in the shipping industry, such as changes in the culture of companies and workers towards safety and environmental protection.
However, as a newcomer, the code has also been disrupted by the shipping com-munity. To adopt a global legal instrument, such as the code, is not an easy task. More-over, its effective implementation and its effects on ensuring safety and environmental protection are questioned by many. Maritime accidents continue to exist after the code is implemented, despite their decline. Factors such as bureaucracy, human factor and fatigue affect its effective implementation.
The work, through international bibliography, identifies the factors that affect the effective implementation of the code, the problems these factors create and the pos-itive points from the implementation of the code. Also, by conducting a survey through a questionnaire addressed to executives of the Greek and Greek-owned merchant navy, it records their views and draw important conclusions as to their effectiveness in Greek merchant shipping and make proposals to optimize its implementation.