Φαρμακευτική πολιτική στις χώρες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης - συστήματα υγείας - πολιτικές τιμολόγησης και αποζημίωσης των φαρμάκων
Pharmaceutical politics in European Union countries - healthcare systems - politics of pricing and reimbursement of medicines
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Φαρμακευτική πολιτική -- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ; Φαρμακευτική πολιτική -- Δίκαιο και νομοθεσία ; Pharmaceutical policy -- European Union countries ; Pharmaceutical policy -- Law and legislationAbstract
Analysis of the pharmaceutical sector's performance is a complex task, due to the convergence of often conflicting social and health goals on the one side and industrial goals on the other. Building a coherent European Union pharmaceutical policy is a difficult task because pharmaceutical budgets, as well as decisions regarding pricing and reimbursement are responsibilities of individual Member States. Many countries have established a number of practices to control costs while maintaining the balance between equitable access and industry goals. There are significant differences in these practices, particularly in the rules for pricing and reimbursement of medicines. These differences can be found not only due to the presence or absence of certain practices (price control, cost sharing, reference pricing) but in differences within the practices themselves and the different healthcare systems. This thesis sets out and judges the approaches used by governments and regulators to manage pharmaceutical policy and spending across Europe taking into consideration the specific healthcare system of each European Union country and finally suggest methods for improvement of the pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement in Europe.