Energy transition in developing countries is one of the most complex issues in today's sustainable development. These countries need to scale up energy access, keep energy affordable and reliable, while at the same time cutting greenhouse gas emissions. This research focuses on the structural barriers and enabling conditions for energy transition pathways in the developing economies. Based on evidence from both international institutions such as the IPCC, IEA, IRENA, IMF, World Bank and SEforALL, the research examines financial constraints, grid limitations, policy instability, fossil fuel subsidy structures, supply chain risks and institutional capacity gaps. The study adopts a conceptual framework of energy justice, political economy analysis and finance alignment. Comparative case studies of Kenya, India and Morocco suggest the importance of differing institutional and economic contexts in shaping the outcome of transitions. The results indicate that availability of technology is not the main constraint. Instead, high cost of capital, currency risk, weak utility finances, regulatory uncertainty and social affordability pressures are slowing things down significantly. Successful transition strategies include a combination of regulatory stability, competitive procurement, blended finance mechanisms, targeted subsidy reform, distributed energy deployment and just transition measures for affected communities. The research concludes that energy transition in developing countries is possible but conditional. Progress demands concerted reform in finance, governance, infrastructure and social policy. International climate finance and domestic institutional strengthening are both needed. An actionable roadmap is suggested that sequences sector stabilization, capital mobilization, access expansion, coal phase down and resilience integration. Energy transition, when properly designed, can help support economic growth, better health and long term climate mitigation at the same time.