Biofuels compared to fossil fuels in the shipping supply chain

Master Thesis
Author
Kotroni, Olga
Κοτρώνη, Όλγα
Date
2026-04View/ Open
Keywords
Βιοκαύσιμα ; Biofuels ; Απανθρακοποίηση ναυτιλίας ; Maritime decarbonization ; Ελληνική ναυτιλία ; Greek shipping ; Green premium ; FuelEU MaritimeAbstract
This thesis provides a comparative analysis of biofuels versus conventional fossil fuels within the maritime supply chain, focusing on the Greek shipping cluster. Utilizing a mixed research study, the research combines a review of scientific and industry papers with primary data from 30 industry stakeholders and three high-level experts. The findings reveal a significant reliability gap, with fossil fuels scoring 4.23 versus 3.37 for biofuels. Economically, a USD 172/mt Green Premium remains a major barrier in hubs like Rotterdam, especially for the tanker and bulk sectors where green freights are absent. However, regulatory mandates such as FuelEU Maritime and the EU ETS are transforming biofuels into a vital compliance asset. The study concludes that while biofuels are the only immediate drop-in bridge to the 2030 targets, their success depends on feedstock scalability and the strategic use of compliance pooling to manage high operational costs.


