This thesis investigates the transformative role of technology in the 21st century international system, analyzing how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and disruptive innovations function as structural modifiers of state power. Critically, this research addresses the question of how emerging technologies influence the balance of power and the security dilemma. Adopting a Neoclassical Realist framework, the study argues that technology is not merely an exogenous variable but a decisive determinant of national survival that is filtered through domestic structures and threat perceptions. Through a qualitative analysis of two distinct case studies, the Russo-Ukrainian conflict and the US-China strategic rivalry, the research empirically tests the impact of technology on hegemony and stability. The findings from the Ukrainian theater demonstrate that low-cost, autonomous systems act as force multipliers, enabling weaker states to challenge materially superior adversaries and achieve asymmetric advantages. Conversely, the analysis of the Sino-American competition reveals that while China has leveraged "Military-Civil Fusion" to challenge the status quo, the United States preserves its hegemonic position by maintaining qualitative superiority in the AI ecosystem and employing "weaponized interdependence" strategies, particularly in the semiconductor supply chain. Ultimately, the thesis concludes that the "opacity" and "dual-use" nature of AI exacerbate the security dilemma, validating the realist assertion that technological diffusion in an anarchic system intensifies strategic competition rather than fostering cooperation. By compressing decision-making time and introducing new layers of uncertainty, technology redefines the parameters of security and balance of power, confirming that material capability remains the ultimate arbiter of the international order.