The challenge for the European Union in promoting its foreign policy through AI

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Keywords
Τεχνητή νοημοσύνη ; Εξωτερική πολιτική ; Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ; ΕΕ ; EU Actorness ; ΨηφιοποίησηAbstract
This study examines how the promotion of digitalization, new technologies, and artificial intelligence enhances and transforms the European Union’s actorness. Through a qualitative thematic analysis, the research employs Jupille and Caporaso’s (1998) actorness theory to reach conclusions on how this digital turn has reshaped the EU’s actorness. In order to do so, four key EU documents are analyzed: the EU Global Strategy (2016), the White Paper on Artificial Intelligence (2020), the Artificial Intelligence Act (2024), and the Joint Communication on an International Digital Strategy for the EU (2025). By identifying recurring themes via Thematic Analysis, a Discourse-Historical Analysis (DHA) is applied complimentary to the extracted thematic axes to reveal how new EU strategies construct the Union’s identity, legitimacy, and roles within the digital world (Wodak, 2015).
The findings indicate that through AI technologies the EU’s actorness is strenthened reinforcing its values-based identity (Manners, 2002) and expanding its “regulatory” power (Bradford, 2012), to legally and morally bind its partners. As it appears, AI frameworks generate new forms of actorness altering the EU’s external action, towards a digitally empowered model. Thus, new technologies have become both the tools and the terrain through which the EU asserts to gain influence redefining its role as an international actor (Fiott, 2018).


