This thesis examines the role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in achieving climate and energy targets, with a particular focus on the European Union (EU) and Greece. It begins by situating CCS within EU climate frameworks and initiatives, emphasizing its contribution to decarbonization alongside the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). The analysis then turns to Greece’s national climate planning, highlighting how CCS could support emission reductions in hard-to-abate sectors. The study then addresses the EU legal framework, primarily the CCS Directive, outlining the lifecycle of a CO₂ storage site and assessing the directive’s implementation across member states. The thesis devotes significant attention to Greece’s transposition of the CCS Directive through a Joint Ministerial Decision (JMD) and related legal instruments. Despite this initial step, several regulatory gaps remain. To address these deficiencies, the thesis proposes a three-pillar reform strategy: amending the JMD to close specific gaps; developing a transparent permitting roadmap for CO₂ storage projects; and establishing a broader framework to govern CO₂ capture, transport, and storage. Beyond legislation, additional barriers to CCS deployment in Greece are identified: economic challenges linked to insufficient national funding, public acceptance and environmental concerns, and limited experience in CCS within the stakeholders. In conclusion, while Greece has taken initial steps toward enabling CCS, comprehensive legal reform, policy alignment, and capacity-building are essential to unlock its full potential in supporting the country’s climate commitments.