Energy challenges in the Eastern Mediterranean : the rοle οf Greece

Master Thesis
Author
Athinaiοu, Rafailia - Persa
Αθηναίου, Ραφαηλία - Πέρσα
Date
2025Advisor
Liakouras, PetrosΛιάκουρας, Πέτρος
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Keywords
Eastern Mediterranean ; Greece ; Energy security ; Hydrocarbons ; Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) ; Geopolitics ; International Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) ; Maritime disputes ; Greece foreign policy ; UNCLOSAbstract
This thesis interrogates the evolving energy architecture of the Eastern Mediterranean and elucidates Greece’s role within a rapidly reconfigured geopolitical milieu. Through a rigorous, multi-scalar analytical framework, the study demonstrates that emergent hydrocarbon discoveries, entrenched maritime disputes, and shifting regional alignments have consolidated the region as a distinct and increasingly contested geopolitical subsystem with substantive ramifications for European energy security. The findings position Greece as a stabilising and norm-driven actor, anchored in its systematic adherence to international law, its strategic engagement in cooperative regional structures, and its advancement of critical energy infrastructures. Concurrently, the analysis identifies persistent destabilising vectors - most prominently Turkish revisionist claims and the Turkey/Libya memorandum - which impede coherent regional governance. The thesis concludes that effective management of the region’s energy challenges necessitates enhanced legal certainty, sustained diplomatic coordination, and institutionalised regional cooperation, within which Greece is structurally poised to assume a pivotal role.


