This thesis explores the complex relationship between energy security and food security, focusing on the implications of biofuel production. While biofuels are promoted as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, their dependence on arable land and food crops creates significant trade-offs that can undermine food availability and affordability. The study compares Europe, the United States, and Africa using three key indicators: the number of people placed at additional risk of hunger, the share of arable land diverted to biofuel production, and the theoretical number of people who could be fed if such land were reassigned to food. Data from international organizations and previous research are analyzed through descriptive and comparative methods, supported by tables and figures. Results show that biofuel expansion, especially in developed regions, is linked to a notable increase in global hunger risk and considerable opportunity costs in terms of food supply, while the burden falls disproportionately on vulnerable populations in developing countries. Sensitivity analysis confirms that even partial reductions in biofuel land use could alleviate hunger for millions worldwide. The findings highlight the need for policies that encourage advanced biofuels, integrate food security into energy planning, and strengthen international cooperation, ensuring that renewable energy development advances without compromising global food security.