Driven by escalating concerns about climate change, the energy market is witnessing a profound global shift towards more sustainable energy solutions. Offshore wind energy has emerged as a pivotal component driving sustainable development in many coastal states. Its growth, however, is hindered by significant challenges, especially in semi-enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines jurisdictional boundaries for coastal states, which impact the installation and operation of the offshore wind projects, while also establishing guidelines for environmental protection and sustainable use of marine resources. International institutions, such as the International Energy Agency and the International Maritime Organisation, also provide crucial standards for the global growth of the offshore wind industry. These institutions shall contribute to the development of offshore wind energy by sharing practices and knowledge to promote safety, environmental protection, and international cooperation. Overall, this endeavour aims to contribute to the comprehension of the evolving energy sector and the emerging need of offshore wind energy development. An in-depth analysis of the provisions regarding the installation, operation and use of offshore wind resources under the Law of the Sea is undertaken. By evaluating the role of international institutions in promoting sustainable investment legal frameworks, it is suggested that arbitration is the best refuge for conflicts and disputes arising within the context of International and Investment Law. This research process eventually aims to apply its findings to the case of Greece and suggests that, given the particularly complex nature of the energy market, it is critical to develop a secure and transparent legal and regulatory framework to attract and sustain - foreign - investor confidence.