Η πολιτική οικονομία της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου : προοπτικές συνεργασίας των κρατών για την εκμετάλλευση των ενεργειακών πόρων
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Keywords
Πολιτκή οικονομία ; Ανατολική Μεσόγειος ; Εκμετάλλευση ενεργειακών πόρων ; Προοπτικές συνεργασίας ; Αίγυπτος ; Ελλάδα ; Ισραήλ ; Κύπρος ; Λίβανος ; Τουρκία ; Συρία ; Μακροοικονομικοί δείκτες ; Κοιτάσματα ; Φυσικό αέριο ; Λεβιάθαν ; Ζορ ; East Mediterranean Gas Forum ; Ενεργειακό μίγμα ; Εμπορικές σχέσεις ; Άμεσες ξένες επενδύσεις ; ΤουρισμόςAbstract
Using the tool of the International Political Economy, this thesis aims to assess the existence of conditions which facilitate the co-operation of Eastern Mediterranean states (Egypt, Greece, Israel, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey) for the purpose of exploitation of region’s energy resources, starting from 2004 when Cyprus became a member of the European Union, as this is considered a milestone that significantly affected the relations between the states. In this context, the fundamental macroeconomic indicators are reviewed, revealing possible microeconomic imbalances (sometimes persistent), the Foreign Direct Investments among the states, their bilateral trade, the importance of the tourism and the energy mix together with the potential of the exploitation of the energy resources are assessed. Natural Gas fields’ discoveries can positively impact the National Economies and result in transition of states from consumers to exporters. This potential is examined under the realistic approach considering the state as the main actor, taking into account the historical conflicts in the Levantine Basin. As per this analysis, states’ co-operation based on the existing Natural Gas infrastructure, appears to be the most suitable option under the circumstances in an effort to overcome the geopolitical obstacles and ensure this opportunity will be materialized.