Χρόνια Νεφρική Νόσος : ένα παγκόσμιο πρόβλημα δημόσιας υγείας
Chronic Kidney Disease : a global public health problem
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Keywords
Χρόνια Νεφρική Νόσος ; Νεφρική ανεπάρκεια ; Ρυθμός σπειραματικής διήθησης ; Αιμοκάθαρση ; Περιτοναϊκή κάθαρση ; Μεταμόσχευση νεφρού ; Δωρεά οργάνων ; Καρδιαγγειακά νοσήματαAbstract
Chronic kidney disease is a huge health problem that affects million people worldwide.
Chronic kidney disease involves a gradual, progressive and irreversible loss of kidney
function which is caused by kidney malfunctions of various origins. It is now estimated
that 10% of the general population suffer from CKD. Patients who are prone to diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, systemic auto-immune diseases and
chronic illnesses (i.g. HIV) have increased risk to get the disease. The risk factors
include obesity, gender, genetic predisposition, the low glycemic index, albuminuria,
dyslipidemia and nephrotoxicity. The severity of the disease depends on the stage of
renal malfunction. The most reliable way to estimate the stage of disease is the glerular
filtration rate (GFR) index. Creatinine aids/contribute to the accurate GFR estimation.
Early diagnosis of CKD is very important for the patient to start conservative treatment
in order to avoid the extrarenal clearance. In conservative treatment, diet, physical
exercise, avoiding smoking and the regular check ups play a significant role. When the
has reached in stage 5 the only way to treatment are the external clearance (HD, PD) or
kidney transplantation. The treatment that doctors will choose depends on diverse
numerous factors. Both treatments are beneficial but maybe entail dangerous. As far as
transplantation is concerned there is the risk of infection or rejection. For this reason
pre and post operative evaluation are required before the procedure. CKD is among the
chronic diseases and has an increasing impact on the worldwide population. In
conclusion CKD is an extremely costly disease with direct and indirect costs that afflict
the national health system of each country annually. In Greece, health costs for CKD
reach 2% of total costs.