| dc.description.abstractEN | The Eastern Mediterranean has become an increasingly contested energy–security arena, where
unresolved conflicts, undelimited EEZs, and Turkey’s assertive maritime posture intersect with
new hydrocarbon discoveries and heightened European energy diversification needs following
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Against this backdrop, this thesis investigates how the Eastern
Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019 reshaped U.S.–Cyprus relations
from the 2018 U.S.–Cyprus Statement of Intent through 2024, and which actors drove the shift,
while assessing implications for regional stability within a Regional Security Complex Theory
framework emphasizing great-power “penetration” via alignments rather than “overlay.”
Methodologically, the study employs multi-source qualitative secondary research combining
content analysis of academic and policy materials and news reporting with a comparative
assessment of U.S.–Cyprus relations before and after the Act. The analysis finds that the Act
constituted a pivotal policy and institutional inflection point: it formalized U.S. support for the
Greece–Cyprus–Israel partnership (3+1) and energy diplomacy, while embedding Cyprus more
directly into U.S.-linked security architectures. Concrete outcomes included the acceleration
of structured bilateral mechanisms, progressive removal of the U.S. arms embargo, expanded
access to security assistance and interoperability tools, and new cooperation platforms such as
CYCLOPS and the New Jersey National Guard State Partnership Program, alongside enhanced
crisis-response cooperation. The shift was enabled by bipartisan congressional action and
diaspora-linked advocacy, compounded by Turkey’s S-400 procurement and deteriorating
U.S.–Turkey and Turkey–Israel relations, and by U.S. efforts to curb malign influence,
especially from Russia. Overall, the Act helped reposition Cyprus from a constrained small
state to a consequential security partner and operational hub, with implications for deterrence,
energy security, and the consolidation of a flexible, institutionally “thickened” regional security
complex in the Eastern Mediterranean. | el |