Οι καθαρισμοί της γάστρας του πλοίου : τεχνολογίες - νομοθεσία - επιπτώσεις στο περιβάλλον
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Keywords
Βιολογική ρύπανση ; Καθαρισμός κύτους ; Απόδοση πλοίου ; Κατανάλωση καυσίμων ; Εκπομπές ; Περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις ; Ρομποτικά συστήματα καθαρισμού ; Αντιρρυπαντικές επιστρώσεις ; Χωροκατακτητικά είδη ; Ναυτιλιακοί κανονισμοί ; Βιώσιμη ναυτιλίαAbstract
Biofouling on ship hulls constitutes a significant challenge for the maritime industry, affecting operational efficiency, fuel consumption, and environmental performance. This study presents a concise literature review of hull cleaning methods, examining technical, environmental, and regulatory aspects. Even light fouling can substantially increase a vessel’s resistance, while heavy fouling leads to higher emissions and operating costs. Various cleaning technologies are analyzed, ranging from traditional methods to modern robotic systems, which offer high efficiency and a reduced environmental footprint. However, challenges remain, including the release of pollutants and the spread of invasive species. The regulatory framework remains fragmented at the international level. Finally, the study highlights the importance of innovative solutions, such as biocide-free coatings and the use of artificial intelligence, in promoting more sustainable shipping.Future perspectives highlight the potential of biocide-free coatings, biomimetic adhesion systems, and AI-driven performance monitoring to integrate fouling management into broader decarbonization strategies. Yet research gaps persist regarding the long-term ecological impacts of paint-derived microplastics and the socio-economic accessibility of advanced technologies.
Overall, the thesis concludes that hull cleaning must be understood as a cornerstone of sustainable shipping. Effective solutions require the integration of technology, regulation, and environmental safeguards to align maritime operations with global climate and biodiversity goals.