This thesis explores the strategic revival of nuclear energy through the lens of Greece’s energy transition and broader geopolitical realignments. As the global community intensifies its pursuit of decarbonization, nuclear power is re-emerging as a critical pillar in achieving net-zero emissions—complementing intermittent renewable sources and addressing the shortcomings of fossil fuels. While the global nuclear industry faced stagnation due to high capital costs, safety concerns, and social resistance, recent technological advances—especially in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Micro Modular Reactors (MMRs)—offer a new paradigm. These compact, scalable, and safer reactors promise lower investment thresholds and diversified applications, including grid stability, industrial energy supply, and maritime propulsion. The thesis assesses the historical decline of nuclear energy, the complex risks surrounding radioactive waste and non-proliferation, and the strategic vulnerabilities of Western energy systems due to fuel cycle dependencies. It further analyzes the socio- political impediments to nuclear acceptance and highlights a renewed international momentum post-COP28, driven by environmental urgency and security imperatives. Focusing on Greece, the research examines the country’s dormant nuclear infrastructure and considers the potential for a strategic re-engagement with nuclear energy. Emphasis is placed on legal and regulatory frameworks, public perception, and alignment with EU and IAEA standards. Additional analysis is provided on Greece’s geostrategic maritime role and the potential integration of nuclear power in shipping. Ultimately, the study argues that nuclear energy—if governed with foresight and transparency—can become a cornerstone of Greece’s sustainable and sovereign energy future.