A comparative assessment of European, American and Chinese energy and climate policies

Master Thesis
Author
Makrovasili, Athina
Μακροβασίλη, Αθηνά
Date
2025-09View/ Open
Keywords
Energy policy ; Climate policy ; Climate change ; Environmental policy ; European Union ; Unites States ; China ; Renewable energy ; Global governanceAbstract
This thesis examines and compares the energy policy frameworks of the European
Union, the United States, and China—three of the largest energy consumers and
greenhouse gas emitters globally. It explores how each actor formulates and implements
energy policies in response to environmental imperatives, geopolitical dynamics, and
technological innovation. The analysis highlights the EU’s integrated governance
approach towards renewable energy and climate goals, the US’s fragmented but
innovation-driven policy shaped by political transitions, and China’s centralized long-term
planning balancing industrial growth with environmental commitments. Through a
comparative lens, the study identifies patterns, successes, and limitations in policy
design and governance, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for global
climate cooperation. This work contributes to the academic discourse on energy
governance and supports future policymaking towards a sustainable and secure energy
future.


