This thesis presents the most significant security issues related to the maritime transport of energy. The shipping of energy resources plays a central role in global transportation. Consequently, maritime security is directly linked to energy security, as any disruption in maritime operations can have critical impacts on energy supply chains. The study focuses on major security issues such as maritime accidents and their environmental impact, piracy, maritime terrorism, and emerging threats like cyberattacks. The analysis demonstrates that addressing these challenges requires strong institutions, a comprehensive body of international law, and—most importantly—its effective implementation through international and regional cooperation. A rich body of academic and legal literature is reviewed, along with key international conventions and the role of global organizations, to highlight the central conclusion of this thesis: that international legal frameworks and cooperation are essential in managing the risks that threaten the security of maritime transport of energy resources.