This thesis focuses on the role of global economic powers—the European Union (EU), China, and India—in shaping energy and climate diplomacy in Africa and Latin America. As these regions become pivotal to global energy transitions and climate change mitigation efforts, Africa and Latin America present at the same time both opportunities and challenges for external powers which seek to invest in renewable energy, secure energy resources and contribute to sustainable development. The research examines the energy diplomacy strategies of the EU, China, and India, focusing on their motivations, partnerships, and the geopolitical implications of their actions. Special attention is given to their renewable energy investments, climate-related initiatives, and infrastructure projects, such as oil pipelines and solar energy plants, in key African and Latin American countries. The distinct approaches and priorities of each actor are also highlighted, exploring how they balance economic interests with environmental goals. Finally, this study aims to provide an understanding of the complex interplay between global energy needs, diplomatic strategies, and regional impacts, contributing to the broader discourse on sustainable development and international energy politics.