The role of flexibility markets for the EU energy system

Master Thesis
Author
Drivakou, Aikaterini
Δριβάκου, Αικατερίνη
Date
2025Advisor
Roukanas, SpyridonΡουκανάς, Σπυρίδων
View/ Open
Keywords
Flexibility ; Flexibility markets ; Policy ; Market design ; Data spacesAbstract
More and more DERs are connecting to the lower-voltage electricity network. Flexibility markets can support energy system operators in operating their networks more efficiently by creating market signals to motivate consumers change their energy demand and thus making the grid more flexible. This process requires digitalizing the energy value chain infrastructure and utilizing smart meters, smart appliances and sensors in the consumers’ side. Τhis dissertation analyses how the flexibility markets can be integrated in the current EU energy system and explores how the digital solutions can act as enablers of flexibility markets focusing on data spaces. Firstly, it introduces the challenges posed by increasing renewable energy integration and explains the concept of flexibility in power systems and the role of digitalization in transforming energy markets. Then, it analyses EU regulations affecting flexibility procurement by DSOs, including network tariffs, connection agreements, and market-based mechanisms. Moreover, it presents theoretical and practical flexibility market models from EU research and pilot projects (e.g., OneNet, ENFLATE). It examines market structures, coordination mechanisms, and product designs. Then, it identifies regulatory, technical, and market barriers to flexibility market development. It also outlines enabling conditions such as digitalization, standardization, and consumer engagement. Finally, it explores how data spaces support secure, interoperable data sharing in the energy sector reviewing architectures and implementations that facilitate flexibility services.


