Amid intensifying geopolitical instability in Eastern Europe, Moldova’s energy security has emerged as a critical issue—not only for its internal resilience but also for the strategic equilibrium of the wider Black Sea and Eastern Partnership region. This thesis examines how Moldova is navigating this complex energy landscape, focusing on its accelerated alignment with European frameworks, its disengagement from Russian energy dependence, and its broader geopolitical reorientation. The research is structured into three chapters, each addressing a distinct analytical layer. The first chapter provides an in-depth assessment of Moldova’s current energy profile, market structure, regulatory landscape, and emergency response mechanisms, while evaluating the impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on its energy system. The second chapter analyzes the country’s infrastructure investments and long-term strategic planning aimed at energy independence. It engages with Moldova’s 2030 Energy Strategy and examines integration into regional systems like ENTSO-E, cooperation with NATO in areas of hybrid and cyber threats, and policy instruments for the green transition. These dynamics are explored through the lens of energy transition theory, particularly the Multi-Level Perspective, highlighting the interdependence of technological change, institutional reform, and geopolitical pressure.The third chapter introduces an empirical dimension through a structured survey. It captures public perceptions regarding Moldova’s energy vulnerability, European integration, renewable energy development, and crisis preparedness. The thesis ultimately argues that Moldova’s energy strategy is not a matter of mere technical adaptation. It is a comprehensive project of national sovereignty, institutional resilience, and democratic alignment. As such, Moldova represents a test case for how small, strategically located states respond to energy insecurity, authoritarian leverage, and the imperatives of sustainable development in an increasingly polarized geopolitical environment.