The role of electric vehicles in the geopolitics of energy
Master Thesis
Author
Mitropetros, Anastasios
Μητροπέτρος, Αναστάσιος
Date
2025-05View/ Open
Keywords
Energy ; Electric vehicles ; Geopolitics ; BatteriesAbstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are significantly impacting global energy geopolitics by
reshaping energy dependencies, trade dynamics, and the strategic priorities of the
countries. As oil is diminishing the geopolitical influence of oil-rich nations, primarily
in the Middle East, is reduced. On the other hand, countries with substantial reserves
of lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements, such as China, the Democratic Republic of
Congo, and Chile, are gaining strategic importance.
The EV revolution is also driving technological innovation and competition.
Leading economies are investing heavily in research and development in battery
technology, charging infrastructure, and EV manufacturing, further reducing the
geopolitical weight of fossil fuel resources. This technological race has geopolitical
implications, as countries that lead in EV technology can exert considerable influence
through exports and technological standards. Moreover, the rise of EVs is fostering
new international collaborations and alliances. For example, the European Union is
working to establish a secure and sustainable battery supply chain through
partnerships with African and South American countries. Similarly, initiatives like the
Belt and Road Initiative by China are aimed at securing critical mineral supplies and
expanding EV markets.
The transition to EVs also brings challenges, such as potential resource
nationalism, supply chain vulnerabilities, and environmental concerns related to
mining and battery disposal. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive
policy frameworks and international cooperation.