Συγκριτική μελέτη του περιβαλλοντικού αποτυπώματος εναλλακτικών ναυτιλιακών καυσίμων σε επίπεδο κύκλου ζωής με βάση το πρότυπο 14040

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Keywords
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ; Εναλλακτικά καύσιμα ; Αέρια θερμοκηπίου ; Green House Gases (GHG)Abstract
This study utilizes the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, in accordance with ISO 14040, to evaluate the environmental impacts of available alternative marine fuels. The adopted approach is the “well-to-wake” analysis, covering the entire fuel supply chain from extraction to combustion.The fuels examined include Ammonia, Biodiesel, Dimethyl Ether, Synthetic diesel via electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch process, Electro-methanol, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel, Hydrogen, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Marine Gas Oil (MGO), Marine Bio-oil, Methanol, Pyrolysis oil, Renewable Diesel, Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO), and Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO).
The study is based on the published work of Zincir B. A. & Arslanoglu Y. (2024), as well as international literature, and aims to derive key conclusions regarding the life cycle analysis of the environmental impacts of alternative fuels. The computational analysis was conducted using data from a tanker vessel model available in the GREET 2022 for life cycle inventory analysis. Additionally, life cycle analysis was performed using the Environmental Footprint Method 3.0, which is implemented in OpenLCA. The life cycle assessment of the alternative fuels was conducted based on the following criteria: climate change, acidification, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine and terrestrial eutrophication, non-carcinogenic human toxicity, particulate matter, and photochemical ozone formation. The results indicate that, among the eight criteria, marine bio-oil emerged as the most favorable option due to its CO₂ and methane uptake during production and its low pollutant emissions during combustion.