Ανάλυση κόστους-αποτελεσματικότητας της Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) έναντι της χημειοθεραπείας σε HER2 low μεταστατικό ή ανεγχείρητο καρκίνο του μαστού μετά από 1 ή 2 προηγούμενα σχήματα χημειοθεραπείας
Cost-effectiveness analysis of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) versus chemotherapy in HER2-low metastatic or unresectable breast cancer after 1 or 2 prior chemotherapy regimens
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Keywords
Ανεγχείρητος ή μεταστατικός καρκίνος του μαστού ; HER2 low ; T-DXd ; Οικονομική αξιολόγηση ; Μοντέλο Markov ; QALYs ; ICERAbstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally, posing a significant threat to patient lives, especially when diagnosed at advanced, incurable stages. The treatment approach depends on various factors, including the patient profile, cancer type, stage, and presence of metastases. Certain breast cancer subtypes, like HER2 low breast cancer, exhibit unique morphological and biological characteristics, rendering conventional chemotherapy ineffective. This highlights the urgent need for new, targeted therapies with proven efficacy. The DESTINY-Breast04 clinical trial showed that T-DXd significantly improves progression-free and overall survival rates compared to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable HER2 low breast cancer who have undergone one or two prior chemotherapy regimens or relapsed within six months of adjuvant therapy. Currently, in Greece, the cost-effectiveness of T-DXd compared to standard therapy has not been evaluated.
Aim: This cost-effectiveness study aims to assess the costs and effectiveness of T-DXd compared to a chemotherapy regimen for patients with metastatic or unresectable breast cancer and HER2 low who have previously undergone one or two chemotherapy treatments or experienced a relapse within six months of adjuvant therapy.
Method: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the perspective of the National Health System using a stochastic Markov model with three health states: progression free, disease progression, and death. Data and cumulative probabilities for each health state per model cycle, for both the T-DXd group and the control group (hormone-positive and all patients), were derived from the Kaplan-Meier curves of the clinical trial. Additional inputs required for the model but not provided by the clinical trial were obtained from greek and international literature, as well as similar cost-effectiveness studies. The model used a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients with characteristics similar to those of the clinical trial population and extrapolated the results over a 10-year time horizon or 120 monthly cycles (lifetime analysis). The number of patients in each health state per cycle, the costs associated with the medical resources required for each health state and the respective utilities were linked to estimate total costs, life years (LYs), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), serving as indicators of clinical effectiveness. To address uncertainties in model parameters, a one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted.
Results: The collected and analyzed data indicated that T-DXd has a significantly higher cost compared to standard chemotherapy for treating patients with metastatic or unresectable HER2 low breast cancer who have previously received one or two chemotherapy regimens or relapsed within six months of adjuvant therapy. However, based on findings from the reference clinical trial and the cost-effectiveness analysis, T-DXd treatment results in increased survival and higher QALYs. In alignment with the DESTINY-Breast04 trial endpoints, two ICERs were calculated: €236,171.05/QALY for hormone-positive patients and €170,609.21/QALY for the overall patient population. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results are only significantly impacted by substantial changes in drug pricing.
Conclusions: This cost-effectiveness study found that T-DXd is not a cost-effective treatment option for the Greek National Health System in patients with metastatic or unresectable HER2 low breast cancer who have previously received one or two chemotherapy regimens or relapsed within six months of adjuvant therapy. A reduction in the price of the drug by 82% would make T-DXd a cost-effective option at the threshold of £30,000, according to NICE recommendations.