Η σημασία της "διώρυγας" και των διεθνών στενών και ο αντίκτυπός τους στη διεθνή ναυσιπλοΐα
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Keywords
Στενά ; Σουέζ ; Παναμάς ; Βόσπορος ; Ορμούζ ; Κωνσταντινούπολη ; Ναυτιλία ; "Ever Given" ; Περιβαλλοντικό δίκαιο θάλασσας ; Ενωσιακό δίκαιο ; Στοιχεία δικαίου ; ΔιώρυγαAbstract
There are geographical points on this planet, which are more privileged than others by nature. Geography and mother – nature have such a crucial role in these regions, which are constantly asserted by nation-states, the biggest rivals among the contenders. A privileged point, which could be a canal or straits of great importance, where hundreds of ships get through daily or maybe, a coastline of many square meters long, can provide the state, which could possess all of them or a part of these characteristics, with a comparative advantage beside the rest adjacent countries. This advantage may boost the economic growth and the prosperity of the citizens, and therefore, leads to development, innovation and of course, to an extended technological advancement. Recipient of all these benefits, it might be the shipping industry. A kind of industry, where goods and services are transported from a region with plenty of sources (exporter) to another one in deficiency (importer).
Countries with seamanship, namely with naval history and tradition, which possess this type of comparative advantage because of their geographical position and, into the bargain, handle canals and straits of highly importance for ship navigation, are powerful enough at the global firmament, influence the geopolitical status quo and require deep examination and research, because of their strategic importance.
At this dissertation, the most basal worldwide canals with high naval traffic will be examined, such as the canals of Suez and Panama. Also, the history, the problems that were and are still dealt with, and of course, supposed means of amelioration of the infrastructure will be delved in. Furthermore, the arranged canal of Constantinople will be mentioned, which is a project of Greek interest too. In case of completion, the diplomacy of the region will be changed. Moving deeper at the assignment, the passages of Hormuz and Bosporus will be perused and meanwhile, case studies will be analyzed, covering issues like the passage between Corfu and Albania, the obstruction of the shipping lane of Suez Canal by the container ship “Ever Given” and the impacts in economy. In the dissertation will be clarified various elements of Law and useful definitions with a legal background to make the legal framework governing canals and international straits clearer to the reader. Reference will also be made to the Environmental Law of the Sea and the Principles of EU Environmental Law.