Defining and comparing digital (micro‐)credentials for learning. A systematic literature review
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Keywords
Micro‐credentials ; Digital credentials ; Open badges ; Digital badges ; Alternative credentials ; Definition ; PRISMA ; Systematic literature review ; Lifelong learning ; ΜικροδιαπιστευτήριαAbstract
In our digital era, the way we learn and work has changed radically. The global transition to a digital economy and society requires the development of all citizens' digital competences. In that context, micro‐credentials and other forms of digital recognition of learning play a significant role in the urgent need for massive upskilling and reskilling of citizens and the workforce. The current master thesis examined and compared their definitions of micro‐credentials, digital badges, digital credentials, and open badges. We conducted a systematic literature review of academic and grey literature following the PRISMA statement to locate, identify, contrast, classify, and analyse related definitions published in the last decade. We analysed 281 publications in‐depth through a review matrix, locating and analysing 230 definitions, of which 139 were original and 91 adopted. The 139 original definitions were categorised and compared based on their key elements. The work presented in this thesis can contribute to a better understanding of digital (micro‐) credentials and promote their further use in lifelong learning policy and practice.