Οι κίνδυνοι στην διεθνή εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα
Risks in global supply chains

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Keywords
Εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα ; Κίνδυνος ; Αβεβαιότητα ; Θαλάσσιες μεταφορές ; Διεθνές εμπόριο ; Διαχείριση εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδαςAbstract
In this work, a theoretical approach was made to the operation of the supply chain, the risks deriving from a supply chain and the ways it can cope with conditions of uncertainty, with t prevailing today. More specifically, research was carried out in foreign and Greek language literature, electronic sources and various other scientific works, in order to list the concepts and definitions of supply chain, supply chain management, risks and uncertainty observed in networks supply. In addition, emphasis was placed on the categorization of risks and the types of uncertainty that appear during the operation of a supply chain, in order to investigate the practices of effectively dealing with the challenges arising from the risks and sources of uncertainty by actors, organizations and companies. In this paper, particular emphasis was placed on the disruptions caused to a supply chain that includes maritime transport, through which 90% of the volume of international trade is handled, being the most economical way to transport containers and facilitating the development of the international economy and global trade. The international trade and shipping industry faced unprecedented conditions and problems in their supply chains, which culminated in massive delays, port closures, reduced demand, bankruptcy of merchant and shipping companies, slowdown in the growth of international trade, reduced turnover, problems arising from the risks and climate of uncertainty prevailing during the pandemic period, the period of closure of the Suez crossing and during the war conflicts between Russia and Ukraine. The aforementioned adverse conditions highlighted the need to redesign supply chains, with greater resilience and flexibility, and the need to adopt recovery strategies to address potential challenges in the near future to global supply chains.