Θεωρία παιγνίων & διαπραγμάτευση στο χώρο του φαρμάκου. Η ελληνική πραγματικότητα
Game theory & negotiation in pharmaceuticals. The Greek case
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Keywords
Διαπραγμάτευση ; Τιμές φαρμάκων ; Φαρμακευτική δαπάνη ; Θεωρία παιγνίων ; Ορθολογική και συνεργατική συμπεριφορά ; Μοντελοποίηση ; Βέλτιστες στρατηγικές επιλογές ; Σημείο ισορροπίαςAbstract
The economic crisis and a series of economic adjustment programmes over the period 2010–2018 forced Greece to implement far-reaching, efficiency-oriented structural reforms. In addition, extensive measures were put in place in the pharmaceutical sector to modify supply and demand methods and guidelines (purchase, pricing, evaluation, reimbursement and prescription of medicines). However, the data even today, despite the continuous interventions, which are most often ineffective, show that the pharmaceutical expenditure continues to worry and create pressure both on the state and on the rest of the stakeholders in the field.
One of these measures is the negotiation of drug prices, as a tool not only to contain pharmaceutical expenditure, but also to compensate for the introduction of new drugs into the Greek market. The unorthodox way of conducting negotiations (since there is no defined framework governing them), the complexity and volatile behaviour of the various factors introduced each time in the process, provided the stimilus for this dissertation.
Game theory is a branch of mathematics that models decision-making in situations where two or more parties have conflicting interests or goals. It is often used to analyze interactions between competitors in economics, politics, and other fields. Negotiation, on the other hand, is a process leading to a mutually accepted agreement. Overall, game theory provides a useful framework for understanding the strategic choices and incentives that underline negotiations. By using game theory to analyze negotiation scenarios, negotiators may anticipate the (re-)actions of their adversaries and incorporate them in their own strategies.
The purpose of this work is to introduce the insights of Game Theory in the negotiation of the shares of pharmaceutical expenditure between the State and private medicare providers. Particularly, it aims at determining whether the rational approach of Game Theory can depict and explore the available strategies underlying the optimal choices of the opposing parties.