The goal of this MSc Thesis is to demonstrate that reliance on traditional means of energy- energy dependence, such as fossil fuels, can lead to interstate and international conflicts, wars, and threats to national security. This will be proven considering various analyses and by providing historical and current examples. This thesis begins by presenting multiple reasons why a global energy shift and the end of the energy dependence are necessary and beneficial. Subsequently, the study emphasizes the importance of an energy transition due to challenges such as resource wars, climate change, water scarcity, etc. Furthermore, through historical examples and references to European and Greek energy policies and options, it demonstrates that transitioning to renewable energy sources, to achieve energy independence, is the only viable solution for achieving a stable and sustainable energy sector, thereby enhancing the nation's position in the international system.