Αυτόνομα πλοία και ζητήματα ευθύνης
Autonomous ships and liability issues

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Keywords
Αυτόνομα πλοία ; N. 5020/2023 ; Πλοιοκτήτης ; Εφοπλιστής ; Κέντρο απομακρυσμένου ελέγχου ; Μεταφορά φορτίου ; Σύγκρουση ; Θαλάσσια ρύπανση ; Θαλάσσια αρωγή ; Αξιοπλοΐα ; Ασφάλεια επικοινωνιών ; Autonomous ships ; Shipowner ; Remote control center ; Maritime transport ; Collision ; Maritime assistance ; Seaworthiness ; Communications security ; Marine oil pollutionAbstract
The exponential development of information and communication technologies and the new possibilities that follow it today allow the construction and use of autonomous ships. At the same time, the existing socio-economic conditions require the utilization of every available development in the shipping field, despite the difficulties that may arise during implementation. This present thesis attempts an approach of the legal dimension of autonomous ships. To this end, the possibility of introducing the concept of the autonomous ship into the Greek legal system is examined and an attempt is made to define the autonomous ship based on the categorization proposed by internationally recognized organizations. Then the regulatory and legislative initiatives that have been taken in this regard are discussed and modern examples of the use of autonomous ships are presented at a global level. Particular importance is given to the liability issues arising from the use of autonomous ships and primarily to the matter of potentially liable persons. After that is examined the issue of liability in the contract of carriage of goods. Due to the special nature of Maritime Law, responsibilities arising in relation to collision, marine oil pollution, maritime assistance, seaworthiness and liability for the security of maritime communications are also considered. The analysis shows that the recognition of legal entity concerning the autonomous ships’ artificial intelligence system is not required, since in all the considered scenarios there are persons who are obliged to restore any damages caused and ensure the compliance of the shipping company with the competent rules. The applicable provisions from which the responsibility of the named persons arises and the possible points where legislative intervention may be required are highlighted in each case.