Environmental footprint analysis of large cruise ships
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Keywords
Environmental footprint ; Cruise shipsAbstract
There are many environmental and environmental impacts of cruise navigation. However, they are rarely evaluated collectively in scientific literature. This study provides a bibliographic overview of the pressures, management technologies and quantities of different waste categories produced by large cruise ships with a capacity of more than 3,000 passengers. The purpose of this work is to collate the different pressures and impacts of cruise ships on the marine environment and the affected coastal ecosystems and to identify areas for further future research. Numerous pressures on the environment and ecosystems are identified through the treatment of untreated sewage, solid waste generation and air pollutant emissions. Pressures that lead to the pollution of the marine environment by primary but emerging pollutants that require further study, impose large quantities of waste and the release of large quantities of gaseous pollutants into the atmosphere.