Natural resources as a source of conflict in international relations: a comparative analysis of the cases of hydrocarbons and rare earths
Οι φυσικοί πόροι ως αίτιο σύγκρουσης στις διεθνείς σχέσεις: συγκριτική ανάλυση των περιπτώσεων των υδρογονανθράκων και των σπανίων γαιών
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Keywords
Natural resources ; Conflict ; International relations ; Hydrocarbons ; Natural gas ; Rare earths (REEs) ; Securitization ; Energy security ; Comparative analysis ; Crisis ; Critical Raw Materials ; NRIC (Natural Resources Index of Conflict) ; Russia - Ukraine ; China - Japan ; Senkaku / Diaoyu islands ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Israel - Cyprus - Greece and Turkey ; Φυσικοί πόροι ; Σύγκρουση ; Διεθνείς σχέσεις ; Υδρογονάνθρακες ; Φυσικό αέριο ; Σπάνιες γαίες ; Ασφαλειοποίηση ; Ενεργειακή ασφάλεια ; Συγκριτική ανάλυση ; Κρίση ; Κρίσιμες πρώτες ύλες ; ΔΣΦΠ (Δείκτης Σύγκρουσης για Φυσικούς Πόρους) ; Ρωσία - Ουκρανία ; Κίνα - Ιαπωνία ; Νησιά Σενκάκου / Ντιαόγιου ; Ανατολική Μεσόγειος ; Ισραήλ - Κύπρος - Ελλάδα και ΤουρκίαAbstract
The goal of the present study is to answer the question “When does a natural resource become a source of conflict?”. In order to address this question we have compared and contrasted natural gas and rare earths and we have applied the securitization theory and the theoretical tool of energy security to the case studies presented. The case studies selected for this comparative analysis are: the Russio-Ukrainian dispute over natural gas in 2006, 2009 and 2014; the case of the Eastern Mediterranean, where the behavior of Israel, Cyprus, Greece and Turkey in relation to the natural gas findings in 2009 – 2011 is examined; and the Sino-Japanese dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands in 2010 together with the Rare Earth Crisis. After presenting the case studies, we compare and contrast them according to the behavior and the statements of the main actors involved in each case and we reach some conclusions. Then, we present the Natural Resources Index of Conflict (NRIC), a tool created in an attempt to measure the possibility of and to forecast future conflict over natural resources. Finally, we reach our final conclusions where we check the validity of the research hypothesis, we provide answers to the main research question as well as to the minor ones and we argue on a theoretical level about the roots of interest and conflict in the international system.
Department
Σχολή Οικονομικών, Επιχειρηματικών και Διεθνών Σπουδών. Τμήμα Διεθνών και Ευρωπαϊκών ΣπουδώνNumber of pages
227Language
EnglishCollections
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Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα
Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα