Εποχικότητα των ναύλων στη χύδην ναυτιλία
Seasonality in bulk shipping
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Keywords
Εποχικότητα ; Χύδην φορτία ; Ναυτιλιακή αγορά ; ΝαύλοςAbstract
By seasonal fluctuations or seasonality we mean the fluctuations of any economic variable that appear over time and are repeated in the same form each year. The shipping market, and in particular the market in which bulk vessels operate, is a market characterized by seasonality. The present paper deals with the four shipping markets (freight market, charter derivative market, new buildings market, second hand market), the players in these markets, the main effects on supply and demand as well as the freight price mechanism, operation of shipping cycles, deviation of bulk and dry bulk markets with corresponding development of shipping routes and ships operating in each market. Larger vessels mainly carry raw materials such as iron and coal as well as cereals, while medium and smaller vessels carry cereals, phosphates, sugar, rice, alumina, bauxite and more. Consignments such as cereals, coffee, sugar and rice they have specific time that they are cultivated, and specific harvest and loading periods as well, confirming the existence of seasonality. This seasonality also causes an increase in demand and in freight rates. In addition, coal and iron ore are cargoes that are also characterized by some seasonality, but not in the same intensity as cereals, sugar and rice. The increase in demand for these products relates solely to the time period in which industrial production is active. The market for bulk liquids is also commensurate, showing increased demand for heating oil and petroleum products during the winter months due to the energy needs of developed countries while relative laxity is observed in the summer months with corresponding increases in winter freight prices. That also proves the existence of seasonality.
Postgraduate Studies Programme
ΝαυτιλίαDepartment
Σχολή Ναυτιλίας και Βιομηχανίας. Τμήμα Ναυτιλιακών ΣπουδώνNumber of pages
84Language
GreekCollections
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Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση 4.0 Διεθνές
Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση 4.0 Διεθνές